Chinese authorities, who have long sought to limit access to information, seem to have reinforced the so-called Great Firewall of China, frustrating foreign companies and raising activists' concerns.
The Great Firewall (GFW) – the country's huge system of internet limits and censorship – now appears to be stepping up its targeting of virtual private networks, or VPNs, commonly used to circumvent controls on websites the government considers threatening.
While VPNs let users gain access to sites blocked by the firewall due to their content or sensitivity, which in China include Facebook and Twitter, they are also vital to firms, enabling secure and encrypted communications.
In the globalised economy companies have flocked to China to try to participate in decades of stunning growth.
But web users are complaining of VPNs being inaccessible or quickly going down once accessed, while speeds have slowed to a crawl.
"For us it's catastrophic," said one Western businessman in China, on condition of anonymity.
"We are used to working between different offices and subsidiaries using Google Drive, which lets us save, share and work simultaneously on common documents. Well, we can't do that here."
Another expatriate complained about the extreme slowness and frequent inaccessibility of Gmail and Google Agenda, the internet giant's email and planning services. "It's a constant problem," he said.
Some foreign-based VPN providers are saying system interference due to a strengthening of controls is involved.
In a message to its users, VPN provider Astrill blamed a technology update to the GFW, saying the system now has the "ability to learn, discover and block VPN protocols automatically".
"This GFW update is one of the worst so far and it has affected not just all VPN providers but as well as many companies which use VPN protocols to connect different branches of their network," it said.
China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology did not immediately reply to questions seeking comment, but the government has previously said controls are in place to limit access to pornographic and violent content to protect children.
But today the state-run Global Times, which earlier this month quoted officials saying foreign-run VPNs were illegal, defended restrictions on the internet in an editorial headlined: "Freedom not at odds with online regulation."
"Problems caused by the internet have been accumulating," said the Times, which, despite the Great Firewall, boasts its own Facebook and Twitter accounts.
"It advocates individual freedom, but at the same time severely damages it.
"It is time to regulate the internet. Such a view is actually embraced not only by the authorities but also by the public who fear that their privacy may be intruded upon.”
The paper has previously quoted Fang Binxing, credited with designing the Great Firewall of China, as saying he knew of no upgrades to the system.
But the founder of the website GreatFire.org, which tracks online censorship in China, said it was plausible that the authorities could have tweaked the system to affect VPNs.
"The GFW cannot know what the content of encrypted traffic is, but they can see that it's encrypted traffic," the activist, who uses the pseudonym Martin Johnson for security reasons, said in an email.
With more than 500 million internet users – the most in the world – China is fast emerging as an internet superpower with a vibrant and increasingly sophisticated user base.
Johnson said that the fact many of those reporting VPN problems on Twitter were foreigners did not necessarily mean they were the most affected group.
"I'm sure that the authorities aren't going after VPNs to stop foreigners from accessing Facebook and Youtube. It's about preventing Chinese citizens from circumventing their grip on information and communication." AFP
